Contents

I. Introduction 12

II. Literature review 13

2.1. Philippine English 13

2.1.1. Historical background of Philippine English 13

2.1.2. Current status of English in the Philippines 14

2.1.3. General characteristics of Philippine English 15

2.2. English obstruents 19

2.2.1. Definition 19

2.2.2. English obstruents in General American 19

2.2.3. Obstruents in Philippine English 21

2.3. Voicing of obstruents 22

2.3.1. Definition of voicing and how it is realized 22

2.3.2. Voicing in obstruents in Inner Circle 24

2.3.3. Voicing in Philippine English obstruents 26