중남미

This article traces and analyzes the process of labor flexibilization in Peru since the early of 1990s. In particular this article focuses on neoliberal method of flexibilization through many mode changes such as labor law and institutions with many case approaches, such as in practice the increasing of subcontract, outsourcing contracts in the many labor market and sectors. As already known, the meaning of labor flexibilization is a kind of neo-liberal strategy embodied with the mode of economic productivity, efficiency and competitiveness with less emphasis of labor security. Following and keeping this concept, this article strongly argues that the case of Peru is a typical model to review the process of neoliberal method of labor change in Latin America since the era of neoliberal transformation. In addition, it is reviewed the structural dilemma after adapting labor flexibilization, resulted increasing informal labor form and un-balancing phenomena between formal and informal sector and increasing the poverty and social inequality. As a result, Peruvian society confronts many social conflicts and problems involved with labor changes, such as the violation of labor rights. Among them, particularly in Peruvian case, the labor reform in the field of laws and institutions has been processed with a long-term without any standard forms and rules, which means, it provides many problems in adopting and adjusting labor conflicts. Another strong impact is the increasing the violation of labor rights in many sectors and labor issues. In this article, Chapter 4 provides many case analysis in the part of increased informal sectors, especially the export-agricultural sectors and their violation of labor rights. Finally it assesses the current situation of labor market in Peru and prospects the direction of labor unions and movements in near future.