With the aim of moving toward Industry 4.0, the Thai government is promoting the Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC), whereby three Eastern provinces are to be developed by propelling creativity, innovation, and technology, and by the implementation of infrastructure projects, corporate tax exemption, low personal income tax for researchers and experts, urban planning, and bypassing bureaucratic procedures, for ten target industries. This study introduces the theoretical and empirical study that the highspeed railway (HSR) service will disperse the services sector over a shorter distance and the manufacturing sector over a longer distance. Based on this conclusion, this study argues that the Bangkok-Rayong route will significantly change the EEC from a basic manufacturing sector to a manufacturing plus services sector, in which research & development (R&D) centers, testing and laboratories, data centers, back office functions, as well as services related to tourism will agglomerate. However, any success will depend on how the amenity level in the EEC will improve. The study warns that that the districts with HSR stations will benefit the most, while other EEC districts will lose, as the labor force will move from the inland cities to the cities serviced by the high-speed railway stations.