The Myanmar Living Conditions Survey (MLCS) is a comprehensive assessment of the well-being of people in Myanmar. It provides reliable, accurate and up-to-date data that can be used to inform policies for the future development of the country, establish the baseline of Myanmar Sustainable Development Plan and monitor the Sustainable Development Goals within the context of the 2030 Agenda. This Poverty Report is the second in a series of analytical reports drawing from the MLCS that are produced jointly by the Central Statistical Organization (CSO), World Bank and United Nations Development Program (UNDP). The Key Indicators Report, launched in 2018, provides a snapshot of key non-monetary indicators of living standards in Myanmar. This report provides an update and a basic diagnostic of poverty in Myanmar. This report shows substantial improvements over time in consumption-based welfare in Myanmar. Between 2005 and 2017, the share of the population that is considered poor declined by almost 50 percent. However, the report demonstrates that significant spatial differences in welfare exist, with poverty becoming increasingly concentrated in rural areas and some states and regions lagging behind. Compared with regions such as Tanintharyi, Mandalay and Yangon, poverty is four times as prevalent in Chin and three times as prevalent in Rakhine. Moreover, many people remain vulnerable and at risk of falling into poverty, particularly in the face of a negative shock. Closing geographical gaps in welfare will be vital for promoting more inclusive and sustainable growth in Myanmar.