The Myanmar Living Conditions Survey 2017 (MLCS 2017) is a comprehensive household survey conducted by Myanmar's Central Statistical Organization of the Ministry of Planning, Finance and Industry. The survey is representative of the Union, its states/regions and the Union Territory of Nay Pyi Taw, and urban and rural areas. A total of 13,730 households were interviewed, which yielded a wide range of information on how people work, how much income they earn, and how they use this to meet the food, housing, health, education and other needs of their families. The objectives of the survey are three-fold: (1) to produce an assessment of poverty and living conditions; (2) to provide core data inputs – weights and private consumption expenditures – for the consumer price index (CPI) baskets and the system of national accounts; and (3) to monitor data needs and selected Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets. This Socio-economic Report is the third and final analytical report in a series of reports that started with the Key Indicators Report (CSO, UNDP and World Bank, 2018a) and was followed by the Poverty Report (CSO, UNDP and World Bank, 2019).1 The focus of the present report is to provide an in-depth analysis of the living conditions of households in 2017 and how these conditions contribute to and characterise welfare in Myanmar. The executive summary presents evidence on the three thematic questions addressed in this report, which aim to describe poverty in Myanmar, assess the asset base of households, and explain what households do for a living. Between 2005 and 2017, monetary poverty in Myanmar decreased substantially, yet in 2017, poverty and vulnerability are still an issue. The Poverty Report (CSO, UNDP and WB, 2019) highlights the decline in the poverty rate, which went from 48.2 percent in 2005 to 24.8 percent in 2017 (Figure ES-1).2 However, one in four people are still considered poor and another 32.9 percent of the population have consumption levels that put them at risk of falling into poverty. In terms of international poverty, Myanmar has a low extreme poverty rate (two percent), which is measured using the international poverty line (IPL) of USD 1.90 in 2011 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP). Yet when considering higher lines, specifically USD 3.20 and 5.50 in 2011 PPP, Myanmar fares poorly. More than 60 percent of the population have welfare levels below the highest line, which reflects the high level of vulnerability in the country (CSO, UNDP and WB, 2019). Households with more children are more likely to be poor, increasing the intergenerational transmission of poverty.