연구정보
[환경] Properly Defining “Green Electricity” is Key to India’s Broader Energy Transition
인도 국외연구자료 연구보고서 - CSEP 발간일 : 2023-07-26 등록일 : 2023-08-31 원문링크
The lowest hanging fruit for decarbonisation is adding more wind and solar power, which are cost-competitive compared with other alternatives.
In addition to globally leading targets to scale up wind and solar power, India has ambitious plans for using electricity for new services, including mobility (electric vehicles) and green hydrogen production for industrial use. Such use would happen even before India’s electricity grid is carbon-free. Thus, a key question is how “green” will such services be.
Making the grid greener has two challenges. The first challenge relates to scaling up wind and solar power. As wind and solar capacities increase, grid integration will become increasingly difficult because of the well-known challenge of renewable energy’s (RE) intermittency, for which one solution would be to add storage. Unfortunately, storage is likely to be more expensive in the foreseeable future than many models and public documents estimate for two reasons. One, the upfront costs associated with grid-scale batteries are likely to be much higher than estimates often calculated based on the cost of cheaper automotive batteries. Two, most models fail to capture battery usage patterns or duty cycles and instead use an expected or ideal usage pattern. Such calculations typically assume almost full daily usage as part of calculating the levelised cost of energy (LCOE). Another option for increasing RE output is oversizing RE capacity with expected strategic (temporary) excess. This is cost-effective up to a point, but it also means India must add even more RE capacity.
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