Abstract

Identification cards have long been associated with national security. In some countries, citizens are required to have a national identification card while others offer a voluntary one. Identification cards are being used in many countries around the world including most European countries, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. Since new developments have emerged in the collection, analysis and dissemination of information about individuals, this article will elaborate on the collection, storage and disclosure of personal data in the form of identification cards while focusing on the new ‘smart card’ electronic identification methods with automated individual identification, biometrics technology and encryption controls. Several surrounding issues of privacy and security with regards to identification cards will also be clarified.