러시아ㆍ유라시아

Title Page
Contents
List of Abbreviations 9
I. Introduction 10
1.1. Purpose of Study and Methodology 13
1.2. Literature Review 15
II. US Military Bases in Central Asia: Joint Fight on the War on Terror 18
2.1. The Background of US-Uzbekistan Relations, 1991-2005 18
2.1.1. Khanabad-Karshi Base in Uzbekistan 24
2.2. The Background of US-Kyrgyzstan Relations, 1991-2005 27
2.2.1. Manas Airbase in Kyrgyzstan 31
2.3. 9/11, the Afghanistan War and Geopolitical Considerations as Reasons for the Establishment of the Bases 35
2.3.1. Logistical Need for the Bases in Central Asia after 9/11 Attacks 35
2.3.2. U.S. Geopolitical Interests as a Reason for Opening the Bases 39
III. Dynamics of US Bases and Activities in Central Asia 42
3.1. Financial Aspect as a Problem of Bases Closure 42
3.2. The “New Great Game”: Pressure from External Powers 46
3.3. US Involvement with the Internal Issues of Local Republics 48
3.3.1. Uzbekistan’s Andijan Rebellion of 2005 48
3.3.2. Governance Regime and Human Rights Issue 50
3.4. Historical and Religious Aspect 54
IV. US Military Presence in Central Asia through the Analysis of Social Sector 56
4.1. Anti-Americanism in Central Asia 56
4.2. Influence of Social Sector on the Decision of the US Bases Closure in Central Asia 65
4.3. Implications for Central Asian Region’s Future Security 73
V. Conclusion and Findings of the Study 78
Bibliography 80
List of Tables
Table 1. Muslims in Central Asia 55
Table 2. US Image Slips (Percent Favorable View of US) 59
Table 3. Approval for US leadership in CIS countries and Georgia in 2010 60
List of Figures
Figure 1. Total US Government Assistance to Uzbekistan, 1992-2007 (million dollars) 23
Figure 2. Total US Government Assistance to Kyrgyzstan, 1992-2007 (million dollars) 31
Figure 3. The Northern Distribution Network for Afghanistan 39
Figure 4. How would you assess the current relations between Kyrgyzstan and the following countries? (As of September, 2011) 62
Figure 5. Respondents’ views on which countries Uzbekistan should be turned to for assistance in solving economic and environmental problems (As of February 1995) 64
Figure 6. Which of these countries do you consider the most important partners and biggest threats for Kyrgyzstan? (As of September, 2011) 66
Figure 7. How important to you being a Kyrgyz citizen participation in government decision-making? (As of 2012-2013) 67
Figure 8. What is your opinion on the US Manas Transit Airbase in Bishkek? (As of 2013-2014) 68
Figure 9. The Influence of the public on the decision-making processes of state institutions in Uzbekistan (As of 2003) 70
Figure 10. The extent to which the public is informed about the decision-making processes of state institutions in Uzbekistan (As of 2003) 71