러시아ㆍ유라시아

Main results of allozyme-geographical study of the polymorphism, differentiation and origin of natural Pinus sylvestris L. populations in 6phylogeographical regions – Middle Siberian Tableland, Lena-Angara Tableland, South Siberia Mountains, Near-Baikalia, Western Trans-Baikalia and Northern Mongolia – have been briefly analyzed and generalized. A relative homogeneity of the population polymorphism in these regions has been revealed, with the exception of marginal ones (Tura, Ulan-Bator). Genetic distances of M. Nei (1978, DN78) between the extremely remote populations in the investigated regions reach the level of the geographical race, but they are several time lesser in the regions’ limits – not more of the genosystmatic level of the middle differentiated local populations (DN78 = 0.010–0.012). The geographical group of the South Siberia Mountains stand apart distinctly (DN78 = 0.018±0.004) in the genogeographical structure of P. sylvestris on the basis of Nei`s genetic distances analysis and of the genosystematic scale (Sannikov, Petrova, 2012). Besides the Selenga population group (in the rank of local population, DN78 = 0.013), also as well the Angara-Yenisei and North-Baikal population group (in the rank of subpopulation, DN78 = 0.004–0.008) stand apart on the rest of the territory. Gradient-analysis of the genetic distances revealed the borders between the phylogeographical groups of pine populations on the Lena-Angara and Central-Siberian plateaus, on the one hand, in the South Siberia Mountains, Near-Baikal and Trans-Baikalia, on the other hand, and an important role of l. Baikal as a barrier of the migration and differentiation of the populations. As an analysis result of minimal genetic distances between 25 P. sylvestris populations in the south «non-glacial» zone and the group of 8 populations in the «glacial» zone 4 main refugiums (South-Near-Baikal, South-Ural, Upper-Vitim and Upper-Olekma) and several secondary refugiums have been revealed.