The sustainable development goals (SDGs) on clean water and sanitation present a huge challenge to Cambodia in accelerating access, reducing disparity, and increasing quality of service. The objectives of the report are to assess the potential for engaging private sector, through public private partnerships (PPP), in investing and operating small-scale water supply schemes in areas where piped water supply is not currently available. It seeks to: (a) understand private sector participation (PSP) and PPP landscape in water supply in Cambodia; (b) discuss the existing policy, institutional and regulatory framework for PPP and PSP in the water supply sector; and (c) discuss possible pathways for engaging private sector in small-scale water supply under PPP arrangements in areas where there may be a technical or commercial reason that the private sector has not already sought to develop a scheme using its own funds. The report aims to provide an overall understanding and basis for further discussions with government counterparts - and other sector stakeholders - to reach a consensus on the approach; and further agreement on appropriate arrangements and related interventions required to facilitate PPPs. The report is organized in the following sections: context of private small-scale water supply; policy, institutional, and regulatory environment for private sector participation in small-scale water supply; lessons learnt from past experience; and insights and options for PPP in small-scale water supply. It concludes with a brief section on the way forward.