Against the backdrop of development of the information and communication technology, globalization of corporate activities have much advanced with flourishing division of labor between manufacturing processes aiming at the optimal production at the optimal location. We call such division of labor between the processes across borders by multinational companies a global value chain (GVC). In the case of manufacturing industry, it used to be a general pattern that the upstream process of production including product design and marketing or production of sophisticated parts is conducted in advanced countries and assembly process is performed in emerging countries with low labor cost while high valued-added services like after-sales services are provided in advanced countries of destination for final consumption. In recent years, however, in an increasing number of cases parts are mutually traded among developing countries or the developing countries have become by themselves the destination of final consumption as many of them have achieved economic development to gain stronger supply capacity and purchasing power.