연구정보
[환경] Geoenvironmental Threats in the Rapidly Developing Indo-Myanmar Region
동남아시아 일반 국외연구자료 연구보고서 - SSRN 발간일 : 2024-04-15 등록일 : 2024-04-25 원문링크
Northeast comprising now eight states namely - Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Meghalaya, Tripura and Sikkim is sur-rounded by five international borders - Nepal, Bhutan, Tibet (China), Myanmar and Bangla-desh .Under the vision of ‚Look East Policy‛, In-dian Government has taken various strategic de-cisions to strengthen the ties with Myanmar and Bangladesh to develop the north east region as an important international trade hub and as the gateway to South East Asia. For this effort, India has initiated the very ambitious ‚Kaldon Multi Modal Transit Transport Project‛. India is developing the ‚Sittwe Port‛ in Myanmar at a cost of Rs.5.4 billion and the port on the Kaldon River. In addition, the new 100-km high-way, from Lawngtlai in eastern Mizoram to Myan-mar border at an estimated cost of Rs.650 Crore, is coming up on NH-54, to provide linkage of Mizoram to the ‚Sittwe Port‛ in Myanmar. Apart from this project, Rail and road link between India and Myanmar (Jirabam to Moreh), are under con-struction in a bid to develop further assess to South East Asian countries via Myanmar. For the sake of rapid growth of the whole region, large scale Geoenvironmental threats are on the cards. Devastation of local population, destruc-tion of fertile farmland and fishing grounds, dis- ruption to ecosystem, massive land degradation, active slope erosion, Carbon Foot Prints and En-vironmental Pollution, have resulted as the major consequences. Violation of human right and non-payment of compensation, have also been re-ported. Extermination of benthic and nektonic species, destruction of mangrove forests along the coast and in the river estuary; rapid deforestation to accommodate river expansion and the highway, are other major consequences. The threat is of an increase the occurrence of floods or droughts, and also of impact on the habitats of endangered species such as Kaldon dolphins, tigers, elephants, rhinoceroses, gibbons, hornbills, and Rakhine forest turtles. Damage of ‚River Continuum‛ and ‚Stream Mobi-lization Index‛(SMI), has weakened the ‚ River Recycling Capacity‛ thereby causing deficiency in a number of major ions in river water, such as calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), sodium (Na), chlorine (Cl), the macronutrients nitrogen ( N), phosphorus (P), and dissolved or-ganic carbon (C). In addition, Manipur and Mizoram have proven to be potentially rich source of Oil and Natural Gas, and exploration has become operational as well, creating further environmental hazards. Growth is inevitable and so the development ac-tivities cannot be obviated. The need of the time Bioresources and Traditional Knowledge of Northeast India ISBN 987-81--924321-3-7 Chapter 5: Traditional Knowledge, Environmental History and Management 398 © 2013 MIPOGRASS www.sciencevision.org is to maintain equilibrium between development and environment. This can be attained by adopt-ing a combination of suitable control measures such as -stabilizing the ‚river continuum‛ and controlling bank erosion. Some of effective con-trol measures are – (a) Intense vegetation in the ‚Riparian Zone‛ (b) Lay in shrub and timber like trees to create living revetments. (c) Create ‚silt traps‛ to improve regeneration of grasses. (d) Install coarse woody debris to create living and dead soft revetments. (e) Coppice and canopy lift to increase the light penetration to the banks. (f) Livestock fencing, to protect the coppice re-growth and remove grazing pressure, to allow the regeneration of grasses and native perennial spe-cies (g) Utilizing rich natural growth of Bamboo, as a great source of oxygen and also a great measure to prevent soil erosion and landslides. (h)Application of ‚Dirt Glue Polymer‛ is also prov-ing to be a good ‚green erosion control‛ meas-ure.
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