During the English colonial period the ethnic Chinese in Myanmar were inferior to the ethnic Indians in numbers and economic activities as well. The situation reversed after the country gained independence, especially since the nationalization policy of the Ne Win regime in early 1960s which struck a disastrous blow to the Indian community as a whole. Another important reason of the reversal is that during the colonial period the hostility of the Burmese toward the ethnic Indians was greater than that toward the ethnic Chinese. However, with the increase of economic, political, and military influences of China on Myanmar, with the explosive growth of the ethnic Chinese population in Myanmar and their expansive economic activities since 1988, they have been gradually distrusted and even hated by the Burmese. With such a numerical strength and economic power continually increasing, their “Chineseness” seems to gradually revive. This is most evident in Mandalay, where recently a massive community of “new ethnic Chinese” has been forming. If this situation keeps developing, the traditional “brother” image of the ethnic Chinese, ‘pauk paw,’ can be one day transformed into a hostile one once attached to the ethnic Indians.