The protectionism appears as “populism” or even "nativism", especially at times of elections. The trend of globalization is a natural necessity in the socio-economic history of mankind and has contributed to the interdependence of nations and economies. The movement of goods, people and capital made the world change rapidly. The volume of transactions of goods and services is increasing as is the flow of capital. In today's world, economic liberalism is dominating the frontiers of cultural environment also. Trade liberalization allows countries to profit from the comparative advantage in the production and consumption of goods, but it also has many undesirable effects. In recent years, the issue of protectionism has been discussed in the economic literature. Since the financial crisis of 2008-2009, the global economy has recovered quite slowly. In particular, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland has left the European Union in June 2016; the US President Donald Trump has declared in his inaugural speech in January 2017. The initiatives would need to be undertaken to simplify trade procedures, harmonize standards, raise transparency and reduce cultural diversities of local environment. At national level, Vietnam need to continue with trade policy reforms to improve competitiveness, thereby bringing back the confidence of exporters and importers in the economy.