중동부유럽

Romania invested about EUR 300 million in building the world’s largest science infrastructure dedicated to the fundamental study of light-matter interaction in the ultra-relativistic regime. Of an unprecedented scale, the Extreme Light Infrastructure – Nuclear Physics (ELI-NP) is expected to bring significant advances to basic sciences and introduce major breakthroughs in the application of oncology treatment, medical and biomedical imaging, fast electronics, and new methods of nuclear waste processing. The ELI-NP is one of the three pillars of the “landmark” European Extreme Light Infrastructure (ELI), the first world laser research infrastructure, resulting from a coordinated effort by a multinational scientific community. Launched in 2007, after 36 months of preparation, ELI was brought to organizational and scientific maturity and is expected to start operations in 2019. The preparatory phase involved about 40 research and academic institutions from EU member states. The ELI will be governed and operated as a single, distributed international laser user facility of pan-European dimensions for the investigation of light-matter interactions at the highest intensities and shortest time scales. The ELI-NP offers a singular opportunity for knowledge and commercial and spatial spillovers, particularly in Măgurele, where is located, and more generally in Romania, for several reasons. First, its location is in an already well-established research hub, and its open-access policy can reinforce a virtuous circle of excellence in research and development (R&D) in Romania. This will likely have an appeal of its own, which may attract other players to the location. Second, ELI-NP can trigger economic benefits from research externalities. Third, ELI-NP can lead to commercial applications of research through selling, licensing, or contracting technology services, intellectual assets, and related knowledge into spinoff creations and R&D collaboration. Fourth, ELI-NP can lead to a multiplier effect from linkages with knowledge-intensive sectors. Fifth, the Romanian research sector can increase its visibility, thus contributing to a better integration in the European research area. With its open-access policy, the ELI-NP facility could provide the possibility to create an international pole of excellence related to science and technology. The report first reviews the R&D and innovation environment in which ELI-NP operates and assesses the framework conditions at the national and local levels in which ELI-NP operates to allow the identification of the enabling and inhibiting factors for the occurrence of knowledge and commercial spillovers. The review covers the framework conditions for research excellence, science-industry collaboration, and business innovation at both the national and local levels. Second, the report provides a comprehensive territorial perspective for the Laser Valley initiative and stresses the existing catalysts and inhibitors that affect the development of the initiative from a spatial and urban perspective. Third, the report reviews the international cases of seven large science infrastructures similar to ELI-NP and their local effects. In addition, the report identifies the opportunities and challenges that the LVI is likely to encounter. Fourth, the report suggests three possible development paths for LVI based on selected intended outcomes and highlights the conditions for each scenario for success. Although these scenarios differ in terms of outcomes, they have ELI-NP in common as an anchor science infrastructure. These scenarios overlap to a certain extent and evolve and emerge from each other.