아프리카ㆍ중동

The subject of this paper is about the failure of US efforts to create collective security system during the early Cold War due to Israeli influence. In other words, this article attempts to reveal that the Israeli variable was the reasons behind the failure of Eisenhower's containment policy in the Middle East. In this sense, Israel opposed to the Baghdad Pact due to the possibility that it could be used as a vehicle to counter against Israel itself not to contain the Soviet Union. Thus, Israel attempted to frustrate US efforts to establish multilateral security system in the Middle East. Despite the Eisenhower administration’s efforts to keep the distance from Jewish influence, American policymakers were unable to restrict Israel's hard‐line policy toward Arab nations. Furthermore, the principles of 'evenhandedness' were eroded and resulted in taking sides with Israel under the Jewish influence. Pro‐Israeli figures at the American Congress objected US adherence to the Baghdad Pact, thereby resulting in US preference of bilateralism.